Effect of 3 Key Factors on Average End to End Delay and Jitter in MANET

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected by wireless links where each node or mobile device is independent to move in any desired direction and thus the links keep moving from one node to another. In such a network, the mobile nodes are equipped with CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) transceivers and communicate with each other via radio. In MANETs, routing is considered one of the most difficult and challenging tasks. Because of this, most studies on MANETs have focused on comparing protocols under varying network conditions. But to the best of our knowledge no one has studied the effect of other factors on network performance indicators like throughput, jitter and so on, revealing how much influence a particular factor or group of factors has on each network performance indicator. Thus, in this study the effects of three key factors, i.e. routing protocol, packet size and DSSS rate, were evaluated on key network performance metrics, i.e. average delay and average jitter, as these parameters are crucial for network performance and directly affect the buffering requirements for all video devices and downstream networks

Exact string matching algorithms : survey, issues, and future research directions

String matching has been an extensively studied research domain in the past two decades due to its various applications in the fields of text, image, signal, and speech processing. As a result, choosing an appropriate string matching algorithm for current applications and addressing challenges is difficult. Understanding different string matching approaches (such as exact string matching and approximate string matching algorithms), integrating several algorithms, and modifying algorithms to address related issues are also difficult. This paper presents a survey on single-pattern exact string matching algorithms. The main purpose of this survey is to propose new classification, identify new directions and highlight the possible challenges, current trends, and future works in the area of string matching algorithms with a core focus on exact string matching algorithms. © 2013 IEEE

Securing smart cities through blockchain technology : architecture, requirements, and challenges

In recent years, unprecedented work has been done in the area of smart cities. The purpose of developing smart cities is to enhance quality of life factors for people dwelling within them. To achieve that purpose, technologies such as IoT and cloud computing have been utilized. Blockchain technology is also among the promising technologies that can offer countless valuable services to its end users. It is a immutable programmable digital register for the purpose of recording virtual assets having some value and was primarily developed for digital currencies like Bitcoin. To fully utilize the services of blockchain technology within smart cities, characteristics of blockchain technology, and its key requirements and research challenges need to be identified. Hence, in this article, an attempt has been made to identify the characteristics of blockchain technology. Furthermore, indispensable requirements for incorporating blockchain technology within smart cities are enumerated. A conceptual architecture for securing smart city using blockchain technology is proposed and explained using a possible use case study. An overview of a real-world three-blockchain- based smart city case study is also presented. Finally, several imperative research challenges are identified and discussed. © 2019 IEEE

A new split based searching for exact pattern matching for natural texts.

Exact pattern matching algorithms are popular and used widely in several applications, such as molecular biology, text processing, image processing, web search engines, network intrusion detection systems and operating systems. The focus of these algorithms is to achieve time efficiency according to applications but not memory consumption. In this work, we propose a novel idea to achieve both time efficiency and memory consumption by splitting query string for searching in Corpus. For a given text, the proposed algorithm split the query pattern into two equal halves and considers the second (right) half as a query string for searching in Corpus. Once the match is found with second halves, the proposed algorithm applies brute force procedure to find remaining match by referring the location of right half. Experimental results on different S1 Dataset, namely Arabic, English, Chinese, Italian and French text databases show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing S1 Algorithm in terms of time efficiency and memory consumption as the length of the query pattern increases

Impact of packet size and node mobility pause time on average end to end delay and Jitter in MANET's

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by Wireless and each node or mobile device is independent to move in any desired direction and thus link goes on changing from one node to another. In MANET's, routing is considered as one of the most difficult and challenging task and due to that reason, most of the studies have focused on comparing protocols with each other under varying network conditions. But to the best of our knowledge no one has studied effect of different factors on network performance indicators like throughput, Jitter and so on, as how much influence a particular factor or group of factors is having on network performance indicators itself. Thus, in this paper effect of three key factors i.e. Routing protocol, packet size and Node Mobility Pause time is evaluated on the key network performance metrics i.e. Average Delay and Average Jitter, as these parameters are crucial for network performance and directly affects the buffering requirements for all video devices and downstream network. Also excess value of Delay and jitter can lead to many problems ranging from lip-synchronization problem to the loss of packets because of buffer overflow or underflow

Wandel der Niederschlagsverhältnisse im Lee des Harzes

Fabig, Ilka: Changing precipitation leeward of the Harz Mts. - Indicators of a regional climate change. – Hercynia N.F. 40 (2007): 33-39.The global average surface temperature has increased during the 20th century. Subsequent effects of climate change vary regionally and seasonal and moved the consideration of regional impacts to the center of interest. Precipitation is a highly variable climate element in time and space with serious economic and ecological weight. The “Mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet” with its already tense regional water regime faces radical future changes. The aims of the study, a detailed stock-taking of rainfall data with regard to their spatial and temporal pattern was accomplished with a statistical evaluation of long-term precipitation data. The essential result of the study is the detection of an annual change in precipitation, which is characterized by more humid conditions in winter and drier summers. The shorter observation periods show different trends of precipitation. In summary it can be ascertained, that particularily for the investigation area, precipitation is the most limiting climate factor.Fabig, Ilka: Changing precipitation leeward of the Harz Mts. - Indicators of a regional climate change. – Hercynia N.F. 40 (2007): 33-39.The global average surface temperature has increased during the 20th century. Subsequent effects of climate change vary regionally and seasonal and moved the consideration of regional impacts to the center of interest. Precipitation is a highly variable climate element in time and space with serious economic and ecological weight. The “Mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet” with its already tense regional water regime faces radical future changes. The aims of the study, a detailed stock-taking of rainfall data with regard to their spatial and temporal pattern was accomplished with a statistical evaluation of long-term precipitation data. The essential result of the study is the detection of an annual change in precipitation, which is characterized by more humid conditions in winter and drier summers. The shorter observation periods show different trends of precipitation. In summary it can be ascertained, that particularily for the investigation area, precipitation is the most limiting climate factor

Effect of mobility model and packet size on throughput in MANET's

Ad-hoc mobile/802.11 networks are those networks which has got no fixed topology due to the movement of end nodes. Each node within mobile adhoc network can act both host as well as router. For these mobile nodes to be properly functional and operational, routing protocol is required. And for this very purpose, studies have been going on, which protocol is better. Little emphasis has been laid on network Performance indicators as which factors are most important for a specific Performance indicator. To the best of our knowledge no one has studied effect of different factors on network performance indicators like throughput, Delay and so on, as how much influence a particular factor or group of factors is having on network performance indicators itself Thus, in this paper, effect of routing protocol, packet size and node mobility pause time have been evaluated against one of the most important network performance metric i.e. Throughput

The pseudo code of proposed algorithm.

<p>The pseudo code of proposed algorithm.</p

Processing time in milliseconds of the proposed and existing S1 Algorithm for the query pattern length of 4–7 characters (medium).

<p>Processing time in milliseconds of the proposed and existing <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0200912#pone.0200912.s002" target="_blank">S1 Algorithm</a> for the query pattern length of 4–7 characters (medium).</p